Reworked coal
This article examines the geological, economic and industrial aspects of reworked coal — an intriguing category of coal that has been transported, eroded, oxidized or otherwise altered after initial formation.…
Geologically immature coal
This article examines the nature, distribution, extraction, economic role and industrial importance of geologically immature coal, commonly referred to as lignite or brown coal. Often overlooked in global energy debates…
Waterberg Coalfield – South Africa
The Waterberg Coalfield in northern Limpopo, South Africa, is one of the country’s most important and talked-about coal provinces. It combines enormous geological resources with active large-scale mining and major…
Ukhaa Khudag Mine – Mongolia
The following article presents a comprehensive overview of the Ukhaa Khudag mining project in southern Mongolia, focusing on its location, geology, mining and processing methods, economic and social significance, trade…
Tete East Complex – Mozambique
The Tete East Complex in Mozambique is one of the most talked-about coal provinces in southern Africa. Located in the central-northern part of the country, in Tete Province, this cluster…
Bright coal
Bright coal — often used in industry and geology to describe high-luster, high-rank coals such as anthracite and high-grade bituminous coals — occupies a distinctive place in the global energy…
Vitrain coal
Vitrain coal occupies a special place in coal petrology and the coal industry. Recognized by its bright, glassy appearance and distinctive banding within coal seams, vitrain is a lithotype that…
Clarain-rich coal
Clarain-rich coal is a specific lithotype of banded coal that combines distinctive petrographic features with important industrial properties. This article reviews what clarain is, where such coals are found and…
Fusain-rich coal
Fusain-rich coal is a distinctive variety of coal in which fragments of fossil charcoal, known collectively as fusain, are abundant. These coals preserve a record of ancient paleo-wildfires and the…
How Coal Transformed the British Empire’s Economy
The discovery and exploitation of coal reserves in Britain fueled a transformation that resonated through industry, finance, and society. From powering the steam engine to shaping global trade routes, this…
