Improved thermal coal
Improved thermal coal refers to conventional thermal coal that has undergone physical or chemical processing to raise its **calorific value**, reduce impurities (ash, **sulfur**, moisture and trace metals), and improve…
Synthetic coal
This article examines the phenomenon commonly referred to as synthetic coal alongside conventional coal. It covers geological occurrence, extraction methods, economic and statistical context, industrial uses, environmental consequences, and emerging…
Mucanha-Vuzi Mine – Mozambique
The following article examines the Mucanha-Vuzi mining area within the broader coal-mining landscape of central Mozambique. It covers location and geology, the types of coal encountered, economic and industrial significance,…
Mt Owen Mine – Australia
The following article examines the Mt Owen coal mine in New South Wales, Australia. It describes the mine’s location and geology, the type and quality of coal produced, operational and…
Power-grade lignite
This article examines brown coal (lignite), commonly referred to as power-grade lignite, describing its geological nature, global distribution, mining and processing methods, economic and industrial roles, environmental impacts and the…
Mbali Coal Mine – South Africa
The Mbali Coal Mine is one of the many coal-producing sites contributing to South Africa’s long-standing role as a global coal supplier and a cornerstone of the country’s domestic energy…
Kusile Coal Mine – South Africa
Kusile Coal Mine and the coal mining sites that supply the Kusile power complex occupy a central place in South Africa’s energy landscape. Located in the heart of the Highveld…
Kostolac Mine – Serbia
The Kostolac mining and power complex is one of Serbia’s most important coal-producing areas and energy hubs. Located in the eastern part of the country near the town of Kostolac…









