Coke breeze
This article explores the material commonly referred to as coke breeze — a fine particulate by-product of coke production closely tied to the metallurgy of coal and the global steel…
Chemical-grade coal
This article examines the specialised category commonly called chemical-grade coal — varieties of coal selected or processed for use as a raw material in chemical, metallurgical and high-value industrial applications.…
Syngas coal feedstock
This article examines the use of coal as a feedstock for producing syngas — a mixture of primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen — addressing its geological occurrence, extraction regions, industrial…
Gasification coal
This article explores the role of coal tailored for gasification — the conversion of coal into a combustible or chemical-rich gas (syngas) used for power, fuels and chemicals. Gasification coal…
Hydrothermal carbonized coal
Hydrothermal carbonized coal (often referred to as hydrochar when produced from biomass, or as hydrothermally upgraded coal when applied to low-rank coals) is a product of a wet, moderate-temperature thermochemical…
Torrefied coal
This article describes the nature, production, distribution and significance of torrefied coal — an upgraded solid fuel produced by thermal treatment — and explains where feedstocks and conventional coal occur,…
Bio-coal
Bio-coal (sometimes called torrefied biomass or hydrochar, depending on the production method) is an engineered solid fuel produced from biological feedstocks that aims to match many properties of fossil **coal**…
Eco-coal
The term Eco-coal is increasingly used in industry and public debate to describe coal products and practices that aim to reduce environmental harm while preserving some of coal’s economic utility.…
Super-clean coal
Super-clean coal refers to coal that has been processed and treated to have very low levels of impurities and emissions-related constituents, or to naturally occurring high-grade coal that inherently contains…
High-rank coal
High-rank coal occupies a distinctive place among fossil fuels. Often associated with superior energy density, lower volatile content and a higher fixed carbon fraction, this class of coal plays specific…
