Coal-to-liquid feedstock
This article examines coal as a feedstock for coal-to-liquid (CTL) processes: its geology, global occurrence, mining and supply, economic importance, statistics, industrial uses, environmental challenges and technological trends. Coal remains…
Liquefaction coal
This article examines coal liquefaction — the technologies, geology, economics, industry relevance and environmental consequences of converting solid coal into liquid fuels and chemicals. Coal liquefaction has a long technical…
Gasification-grade sub-bituminous coal
This article examines gasification-grade sub-bituminous coal: its geological characteristics, global distribution, mining and supply patterns, technical suitability for coal gasification and related processes, economic and market aspects, environmental considerations, and…
Gasification-grade bituminous coal
Gasification-grade bituminous coal is a specific class of coal valued for its suitability in conversion processes that produce synthesis gas (syngas) — a mixture primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen…
Blast-furnace injection coal
This article examines the role, characteristics, sources, economics and industrial importance of coal used for blast-furnace injection — commonly referred to as pulverized coal injection (PCI) coal. In modern ironmaking…
Hard coking blend
Hard coking blend coal plays a pivotal role in the global metals and energy complex. This specialized grade of metallurgical coal is blended and processed to produce high-strength coke, an…
Soft coking blend
Soft coking blend coals occupy a special place in the global coal and steel industries. They are neither the hardest, most strongly caking coking coals nor simple thermal coals; instead…
Super-premium coking coal
Super-premium coking coal occupies a niche but critical position in the global energy and metals complex. This special grade of coking coal is prized for its exceptional physical and chemical…
Utility-grade coal
This article examines utility-grade coal — the steam or thermal coal primarily used for large-scale electricity generation and district heating — covering what it is, where it is found and…
Mining-grade coal
This article examines mining-grade coal: its geology, types, where it occurs and is extracted, economic and statistical dimensions, industrial importance, and ongoing technological and environmental developments. The discussion covers both…
