Clarain-rich coal
Clarain-rich coal is a specific lithotype of banded coal that combines distinctive petrographic features with important industrial properties. This article reviews what clarain is, where such coals are found and…
Fusain-rich coal
Fusain-rich coal is a distinctive variety of coal in which fragments of fossil charcoal, known collectively as fusain, are abundant. These coals preserve a record of ancient paleo-wildfires and the…
Weathered coal
Weathered coal is a distinct category of near-surface coal that has been altered by exposure to air, water, temperature changes and biological activity. This alteration changes its physical, chemical and…
Oxidized coal
This article examines the phenomenon of oxidized coal: what it is, where it forms and occurs, how it is mined and handled, and what its economic, industrial and environmental implications…
Inertinite-rich thermal coal
This article examines inertinite-rich thermal coal: its geological origins, where it is found and mined, its physical and chemical properties, industrial uses, economic importance, market dynamics and environmental implications. The…
Vitrinite-rich coking coal
Vitrinite-rich coking coal is a specialized category of coal that plays a central role in the production of metallurgical coke and, by extension, in global **steel** manufacture. Characterized by a…
Coal with high liptinite content
This article examines coals that are unusually rich in liptinite macerals — a group of organic constituents in coal that derive from spores, cuticles, resins and algal materials. Such coals…
Coal with high inertinite content
Coal characterized by a high content of inertinite macerals represents a distinct and economically important subset of the world’s coals. These coals carry a record of past environmental conditions, pose…
Coal with high vitrinite content
Coal with high vitrinite content represents a distinct and economically important category of coal whose physical and chemical characteristics influence its use across power generation, metallurgical processes, chemical conversion and…
Coal tar-rich coal
This article examines coal varieties that yield high volumes of coal tar — a historically and industrially important byproduct of coal processing. It covers geological characteristics, major producing regions, extraction…
