Low-mercury coal
This article examines the topic of low-mercury coal from geological occurrence to mining regions, market dynamics, industrial uses and environmental implications. Low-mercury coal has become an important commodity as regulators,…
Coal for sponge iron
This article examines coal used for the production of sponge iron (direct reduced iron), covering its geological occurrence, mining regions, technical characteristics, economic and statistical context, industrial significance and future…
Bituminous briquettes
Bituminous briquettes are a form of processed coal that combine the properties of natural bituminous coal with mechanical compaction and, often, added binders to create a solid, uniform fuel product.…
Richards Bay Coal Mines – South Africa
The Richards Bay coal mining and export complex is one of the most important nodes in South Africa’s coal value chain. Located on the northeastern coast of KwaZulu-Natal, the area…
Thermal PCI coal
Thermal PCI coal occupies a specific and growing niche at the intersection of the energy and steel industries. Often referred to simply as PCI coal (Pulverized Coal Injection coal), this…
High-sulfur coal
High-sulfur coal is a distinctive and consequential category of fossil fuel whose chemical makeup, geographic distribution and economic implications have shaped energy systems, industrial processes and environmental policy for more…
Sub-bituminous C
Sub-bituminous C is a specific rank of coal that plays a quiet but important role in global energy systems. Positioned between lignite and higher-rank bituminous coals, sub-bituminous C combines relatively…
Medium-volatile bituminous coal
Medium-volatile bituminous coal is a widely used and geologically important type of hard coal that sits in the mid-range of the coal rank scale. It combines relatively high fixed carbon…
PCI coal (Pulverized Coal Injection)
The following article examines pulverized coal injected into blast furnaces — commonly known as PCI (Pulverized Coal Injection) coal — covering its geological occurrence, mining regions, technical characteristics, economic and…
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Semi-soft coking coal
Semi-soft coking coal occupies an important middle ground in the world of metallurgical coals. It is neither the highest-grade hard coking coal used to produce premium blast-furnace coke nor the…
